# Challenges in breastfeeding consultation among child health service nurses in Sweden: a qualitative study

## TL;DR

This study explores the challenges Swedish nurses face when providing breastfeeding support, revealing communication, cultural, and organizational barriers that affect their ability to follow evidence-based guidelines.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific challenges in breastfeeding consultations and proposes the need for better education and support for nurses to improve breastfeeding outcomes.

## Key findings

- Nurses face communication barriers such as language gaps during breastfeeding consultations.
- Cultural differences and time constraints hinder effective breastfeeding support.
- Nurses often step back from evidence-based advice due to relational and organizational challenges.

## Abstract

In Sweden, evidence-based breastfeeding support is provided as part of the 2022–2027 Swedish Food Agency's breastfeeding strategy. Despite 98% of mothers intending to breastfeed, exclusive breastfeeding rates have dropped from 82% in 2014 to 67% in 2022. Child health service nurses offer guidance regarding breastfeeding to women and their partners. The aim of this study was to explore the challenges perceived by nurses in child health services in providing breastfeeding support to mothers in Sweden.

Qualitative methodology, using semi-structured interviews with 12 purposively recruited Child Health Service Nurses (CHSN) in southern Sweden. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

The analysis identified three main categories, eleven sub-categories and one overall theme: “Taking a step back when balancing breastfeeding communication in a diverse care chain”, which illustrates the CHSNs' struggles during consultations. It reflects communication barriers (i.e., language gaps), relational concerns (i.e., fear of harming trust), cultural factors (i.e., different perceptions of breastfeeding), and organizational hurdles (i.e., time constraints, limited access), prompting CHSNs to delicately balance support while respecting individual choices, often resulting in stepping back from evidence-based breastfeeding advice when faced with obstacles.

The study highlights challenges in breastfeeding support among CHSNs, underscoring the need for evidence-based, person-centred care. Further education and guidance are essential to improve support and advance global health goals.