# Research on the impact of official type and officiating expertise on visual tracking performance: based on the multiple identity tracking task

## TL;DR

This study explores how the type of sports official and their expertise affect their visual tracking performance using specific tasks.

## Contribution

The study introduces a classification of officials into interactors, reactors, and monitors and evaluates their visual tracking performance.

## Key findings

- Official type significantly affects tracking accuracy, detection stimulus awareness rate, and tracking time.
- Officiating expertise significantly influences tracking accuracy and detection stimulus awareness rate.
- There is a positive correlation between detection stimulus awareness rate and tracking accuracy.

## Abstract

Recent studies highlight the significance of visual cognition in sports officiating. This study investigates how official type and officiating expertise influence visual tracking performance using the Multiple Identity Tracking (MIT) and dot-detection tasks.

36 officials aged 20–38 years were recruited and classified into interactors (basketball referees), reactors (badminton judges), and monitors (gymnastics judges) according to official type, and into expert and non-expert groups according to officiating expertise.

Results revealed significant main effect of official type on tracking accuracy (P < 0.001), detection stimulus awareness rate (P < 0.05), and tracking time (P < 0.001). Officiating expertise had a significant effect on tracking accuracy (P < 0.05), and detection stimulus awareness rate (P < 0.001). Notably, their interaction effect was not significant. Pearson's analysis revealed a positive correlation between the detection stimulus awareness rate and tracking accuracy, but not between tracking time and tracking accuracy.

Research suggests that officiating activities are closely related to visual cognition. Reactors demonstrate the advantage of objective fact-based decision making and their officiating characteristics are capable of exhibiting excellent visual performance in the MIT and dot-detection tasks. Furthermore, expert officials with the advantage of systematic training and a high level of officiating expertise, possess excellent visual tracking ability and decision-making skills in specific sports tasks.