# Tear Film and Keratitis in Space: Fluid Dynamics and Nanomedicine Strategies for Ocular Protection in Microgravity

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how nanomedicine could help prevent and treat eye problems caused by spaceflight conditions like microgravity.

## Contribution

The paper introduces nanomedicine as a novel approach to address ocular health challenges in space.

## Key findings

- Spaceflight-associated dry eye syndrome is a known issue for astronauts.
- Microgravity and other space conditions worsen ocular surface disease.
- Nanomedicine shows promise as a countermeasure for space-related eye conditions.

## Abstract

Spaceflight-associated dry eye syndrome (SADES) has been reported among astronauts during both International Space Station (ISS) and Space Transportation System (STS) missions. As future missions extend beyond low Earth orbit, the physiological challenges of spaceflight include microgravity, radiation, and environmental stressors, which may further exacerbate the development of ocular surface disease. A deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, along with the exploration of innovative countermeasures, is critical. In this review, we examine nanomedicine as a promising countermeasure for managing ophthalmic conditions in space, with the goal of enhancing visual health and mission readiness for long-duration exploration-class missions.