# Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations to Personalize Nasal Irrigations

## TL;DR

This study uses computer simulations to show how head position affects nasal irrigation effectiveness, helping improve treatment for nasal and sinus conditions.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel use of computational fluid dynamics to personalize nasal irrigation based on head position.

## Key findings

- Right-tilting improves maxillary sinus coverage and inferior nasal region irrigation.
- Left-tilting enhances central nasal coverage with minimal sinus improvement.
- Irrigation patterns show a rapid initial wetting followed by a slower steady increase.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Proper nasal irrigation techniques are essential for treating nasal and sinus conditions, influencing drug delivery efficiency and patient comfort. This study evaluates how different head positions—upright, right-tilted, and left-tilted—affect the distribution of saline solution in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Methods: CFD simulations were conducted on a CT-based model of a healthy adult. A 4 mL saline solution was administered into the right nostril over three seconds. Fluid distribution and percentage of nasal mucosa coverage was analyzed in the inferior, middle, and superior thirds of the nasal cavity and the right maxillary sinus. Results: In the upright position, fluid primarily accumulated in the inferior (0.075 mL) and middle (0.015 mL) nasal regions, with minimal sinus penetration (0.002 mL). Right-tilting improved maxillary sinus coverage (0.028 mL) and increased irrigation of the inferior region (0.086 mL), while left-tilting enhanced central nasal coverage with only slight sinus penetration improvement. Irrigation patterns exhibited a rapid initial wetting phase followed by a slower, steady increase. Conclusions: Head position significantly influences the distribution achieved by nasal irrigation. These findings can guide clinical recommendations for specific conditions or postoperative care.