# Surface Modification by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Friction Surfacing 4043 Aluminum-Based Alloys Deposited onto Structural S235 Steel Substrate

## TL;DR

This study explores how plasma electrolytic oxidation improves the wear and corrosion resistance of aluminum coatings deposited on steel using friction surfacing.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in combining friction surfacing with plasma electrolytic oxidation to enhance surface properties of aluminum coatings on steel.

## Key findings

- PEO treatment significantly reduced the corrosion rates of aluminum-based coatings.
- Wear rates of PEO-modified coatings were much lower than untreated coatings and steel substrates.
- The PEO process formed a ceramic film that improved hardness and chemical stability.

## Abstract

The friction surfacing (FS) process has emerged over the past few years as a method for joining both similar and dissimilar materials, for volume damage repair of defective components, and for corrosion protection. The possibility to produce a metallic coating by FS, without melting the material, classifies this technique as distinct from other standard methods. This unconventional deposition method is based on the severe plastic deformation that appears on a rotating metallic rod (consumable material) pressed against the substrate under an axial load. The present study aims to investigate the tribological properties and corrosion resistance provided by the aluminum-based FS coatings deposited onto a structural S235 steel substrate and further modified by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). During the PEO treatment, the formation of a ceramic film is enabled, while the hardness, chemical stability, corrosion, and wear resistance of the modified surfaces are considerably increased. The morpho-structural characteristics and chemical composition of the PEO-modified FS coatings are further investigated using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction. Dry sliding wear testing of the PEO-modified aluminum-based coatings was carried out using a ball-on-disc configuration, while the corrosion resistance was electrochemically evaluated in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The corrosion rates of the aluminum-based coatings decreased significantly when the PEO treatment was applied, while the wear rate was substantially reduced compared to the untreated aluminum-based coating and steel substrate, respectively.