# Comparative Validation of the fBrake Method with the Conventional Brake Efficiency Test Under UNE 26110 Using Roller Brake Tester Data

## TL;DR

The fBrake method accurately estimates braking efficiency for loaded cars using data from unloaded tests, making it a practical alternative for vehicle inspections.

## Contribution

The fBrake method is validated as a reliable alternative to conventional brake testing under UNE 26110 standards.

## Key findings

- The fBrake method shows high agreement with conventional brake tests within combined uncertainty limits.
- Normalized errors remained below 1 across all tested segments.
- Confidence intervals were reduced by up to 74% after an electronics update.

## Abstract

What are the main findings?
The fBrake method reliably estimates the braking efficiency of laden light passenger vehicles using measurements from unladen conditions.Comparative testing shows high agreement between the fBrake method and the conventional brake efficiency test, in compliance with UNE 26110 standard criteria.

The fBrake method reliably estimates the braking efficiency of laden light passenger vehicles using measurements from unladen conditions.

Comparative testing shows high agreement between the fBrake method and the conventional brake efficiency test, in compliance with UNE 26110 standard criteria.

What is the implication of the main finding?
PTI stations can adopt the fBrake method as an alternative when direct laden testing is impractical, maintaining regulatory equivalence.The validated approach improves the accuracy and practicality of brake inspections, supporting safer vehicle operation and regulatory compliance.

PTI stations can adopt the fBrake method as an alternative when direct laden testing is impractical, maintaining regulatory equivalence.

The validated approach improves the accuracy and practicality of brake inspections, supporting safer vehicle operation and regulatory compliance.

In periodic technical inspections (PTIs), evaluating the braking efficiency of light passenger vehicles at their Maximum Authorized Mass (MAM) presents a practical challenge, as bringing laden vehicles to inspection is often unfeasible due to logistical and infrastructure limitations. The fBrake method is proposed to overcome this issue by estimating braking efficiency at MAM based on measurements taken from vehicles in more accessible loading conditions. In this study, the fBrake method is validated by demonstrating the equivalence of its efficiency estimates extrapolated from two distinct configurations: an unladen state near the curb weight and a partially laden condition closer to MAM. Following the UNE 26110 standard (Road vehicles. Criteria for the assessment of the equivalence of braking efficiency test methods in relation to the methods defined in ISO 21069), roller brake tester measurements were used to obtain force data under both conditions. The analysis showed that the extrapolated efficiencies agree within combined uncertainty limits, with normalized errors below 1 in all segments tested. Confidence intervals were reduced by up to 74% after electronics update. These results confirm the reliability of the fBrake method for M1 and N1 vehicles and support its adoption as an equivalent procedure in compliance with UNE 26110, particularly when fully laden testing is impractical.