# Macro- and Micro-Analysis of Factors Influencing the Performance of Sustained-Release Foamed Cement Materials

## TL;DR

This study improves the performance of foamed cement for road repairs by analyzing factors that affect its expansion, strength, and toughness.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel titanium silicate coupling agent coating technique to delay foaming and optimize material properties.

## Key findings

- The addition of heavy calcium powder and calcium chloride significantly enhances early compressive strength.
- Latex powder and polypropylene fiber improve the flexural strength and toughness of the cement.
- SEM and pore structure analysis reveal how additives influence the microstructure and performance of the material.

## Abstract

This paper addresses the issues of insufficient expansion force, low early strength (1-day compressive strength < 1.5 MPa), and poor toughness (flexural strength < 0.8 MPa) in traditional chemical foamed cement used for road grouting repair. By combining single-factor gradient experiments with microscopic mechanism analysis, the study systematically investigates the performance modulation mechanisms of controlled-release foamed cement using additives such as heavy calcium powder (0–20%), calcium chloride (0.2–1.2%), latex powder (0.2–1.2%), and polypropylene fiber (0.2–0.8%). The study innovatively employs a titanium silicate coupling agent coating technique (with the coating agent amounting to 25% of the catalyst’s mass) to delay foaming by 40 s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pore structure analysis reveal the microscopic essence of material performance optimization.