Molecular “Yin-Yang” Machinery of Synthesis of the Second and Third Fullerene C60 Derivatives

TL;DR

This paper explores how fullerene C60 derivatives can be made safer and more effective for biomedical use by using magnetic fields to create water layers around them, reducing toxicity and improving solubility.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel 'Yin-Yang' method using oscillatory magnetic fields to synthesize biophysically active fullerene derivatives with reduced toxicity.

Findings

SD-C60 and TD-C60 show increased water solubility and reduced toxicity compared to FD-C60.

An oscillatory magnetic field enables the self-organization of SD-C60 and the formation of TD-C60 through hydrogen bond manipulation.

The 'Yin-Yang' principle is applied to create a synergetic complex with potential applications in cancer and Alzheimer’s treatment.

Abstract

To overcome the negative effects of the biochemical application of nano-substances in medicine (toxicity problem), using the example of fullerene C60’s first derivative (fullerenol, FD-C60), we show that their biophysical effect is possible through non-covalent hydrogen bonds when around FD-C60 water layers are formed. SD-C60 (Zeta potential is −43.29 mV) is much more stable than fullerol (Zeta potential is −25.85 mV), so agglomeration/fragmentation of the fullerol structure, due to instability, can cause toxic effects. When fullerol in solution was exposed to an oscillatory magnetic field with Re (real) part [250/−92 mT, H(ωt) = Acos(ωt)], water layers around FD-C60 (fullerenol) are formed according to the Penrose process of 3D tiling formation, and the second derivative, SD-C60 (or 3HFWC), is self-organized. However, when Im (imaginary) part [250/−92 mT, H(ωt) = Bisin (ωt)] of the external magnetic field is applied in addition to SD-C60, ordered water chains and bubbling of water (“micelle”) are formed as a third derivative (TD-C60). Fullerol (FD-C60) interacts with biological structures biochemically, while the second (SD-C60) and third (TD-C60) derivatives act biophysically via non-covalent hydrogen bond oscillation. SD-C60 and TD-C60 significantly increased water solubility and reduced toxicity. The paper explains the synthesis of SD-C60 and TD-C60 from FD-C60 (fullerol) as a precursor by the influence of an oscillatory magnetic field (“Yin-Yang” principle) on hydrogen bonds in order to create water layers around fullerol. Examples of biomedical applications (cancer and Alzheimer’s) of this synergetic complex are given. This study shows that the “Yin-Yang” machinery, based on the nanophysics of C60 molecules and non-covalent hydrogen bonds, is possible. The first attempt has been composed to synthesize nanomaterial for biophysical vibrational nanomedicine.

Figures