# Ligands of Biological and Environmental Interest as Sequestering Agents for Fe3+ in Aqueous Solution: A Speciation Study of Natural Fluids

## TL;DR

This study explores how certain natural ligands interact with Fe3+ in solution, comparing their ability to form complexes under different conditions.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a detailed speciation model and compares the sequestering ability of three ligands toward Fe3+ in various environments.

## Key findings

- AMPA2− forms stronger complexes with Fe3+ than IAA−, as indicated by higher logβ values.
- The sequestering ability of ligands was quantified using an empirical pL0.5 parameter across different pH and ionic strengths.
- Speciation models were validated using potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods in various electrolytes.

## Abstract

The interactions of Fe3+ with some ligands (Tranexamic (TXA−), Indole-3-acetic (IAA−), and Aminomethylphosphonic (AMPA2−) acids) of biological and environmental interest were studied. The speciation studies were performed in NaNO3(aq) and NaCl(aq) using potentiometric and, only for IAA−, spectrophotometric titrations at T = 298.15 K and 0.01 ≤ I/mol dm−3 ≤ 1.0. The proposed speciation models are as follows: Fe(TXA)H3+, Fe(TXA)2+, Fe(TXA)(OH)+, and Fe(TXA)(OH)2(aq) for TXA−; Fe(IAA)2+ for IAA−; and Fe(AMPA)H23+, Fe(AMPA)H2+, and Fe(AMPA)+ for AMPA2−. A comparison of logβ for the common FeL species gives logβFeIAA = 6.56 and logβFeAMPA = 14.84 (at I = 1.00 mol dm−3 and T = 298.15 K), suggesting that AMPA2− has a higher complexing ability towards Fe3+ than IAA−. The dependence on the ionic strength of the formation constants was modeled by means of a Debye–Hückel type equation and the SIT model, whilst the sequestering ability of the investigated ligands towards Fe3+ was quantified at various pHs, ionic strengths, and in the different supporting electrolytes by means of an empirical pL0.5 parameter. To complete this study of the behavior of the different Fe3+/ligand systems, various simulations in biological fluids and natural waters were conducted.