Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Swine Parainfluenza Virus 5 from Piglets Co-Infected with PEDV

TL;DR

Researchers isolated a parainfluenza virus from piglets, finding it genetically similar to strains from other animals, suggesting cross-species transmission.

Contribution

The isolation and genetic characterization of a new PIV5 strain from piglets co-infected with PEDV.

Findings

The PIV5 strain SC2024 was isolated from PEDV-positive piglets.

SC2024 clustered with Chinese swine PIV5 strains and showed genetic similarity to strains from tigers, pangolins, lesser pandas, and ticks.

The full genome of SC2024 is 15,246 nucleotides long.

Abstract

Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a member of the Orthorubulavirus genus within the Paramyxoviridae family, infects diverse mammalian species, including humans. In this study, our primary objective was to isolate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) from intestinal tissue samples of infected piglets. Unexpectedly, we successfully isolated the PIV5 strain (SC2024) from diarrhea piglets. Genetic analysis revealed that SC2024 clustered within the same branch as most previously reported swine-derived PIV5 strains in China, and shared some genetic characteristics with strains isolated from diverse hosts, including tigers, pangolins, lesser pandas, and ticks. Collectively, these findings enhance our comprehension of PIV5 epidemiology in swine populations and highlight its cross-species transmission potential.

Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) is recognized as a pathogen capable of infecting diverse animal species and humans, posing a potential threat to public health. In this study, the PIV5 strain SC2024 was isolated from the PEDV-positive intestinal tissue of piglets. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we determined the full genome length of the virus to be 15,246 nucleotides (nt). Phylogenetic analysis showed that SC2024 grouped into the same branch (Lineage 2.2) as most of the previously reported swine-origin PIV5 strains in China. Additionally, it exhibited genetic similarity with isolates from various hosts, such as tigers, pangolins, lesser pandas, and ticks. Overall, these findings expand our comprehension of PIV5 epidemiology in swine populations, and underscore the importance of further research and surveillance.

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