# Intercropping with Gramineous Plants in Nutrient Solutions as a Tool to Optimize the Use of Iron in Brassica oleracea

## TL;DR

This study shows that intercropping Brassica oleracea with certain grasses improves iron use efficiency, reduces stress, and boosts nutrient uptake in low-iron conditions.

## Contribution

The study introduces intercropping with specific grass species as a novel strategy to enhance iron efficiency and nutrient uptake in Brassica crops.

## Key findings

- Intercropping with Poa sp. improved chlorophyll levels and photosystem II efficiency in Brassica under low iron.
- Intercropped Brassica plants showed enhanced zinc, manganese, and phosphorus uptake.
- Poa sp. intercropping reduced oxidative stress and improved ferric chelate reductase activity in iron-deficient conditions.

## Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of intercropping Brassica oleracea. with three perennial grasses (Poa pratensis L., Lolium perenne L., and Festuca rubra L.) under varying levels of iron (Fe) availability (Fe0, Fe1 and Fe5) in nutrient solutions. The research focused on biomass accumulation, photosynthetic efficiency, root development, nutrient uptake, and oxidative stress response. In the absence of Fe, Brassica sp. exhibited chlorosis, reduced biomass, and increased ferric chelate reductase (FCR) enzyme activity as an adaptive response. Brassica plants intercropped with Poa sp. maintained higher chlorophyll (Chl) levels and photosystem II efficiency (Fv/Fm values), mitigating Fe deficiency effects. Catalase activity and polyphenol production varied with intercropping species, indicating differential stress response mechanisms. Intercropping improved Zn, Mn, and P accumulation, with Poa sp. facilitating greater Zn and Mn uptake. Intercropping Brassica sp. with specific grass species offers potential agronomic benefits by improving Fe use efficiency, mitigating stress, and enhancing nutrient uptake. Future research should focus on optimizing intercropping combinations for sustainable agricultural practices.