Molecular Detection of Various Non-Seasonal, Zoonotic Influenza Viruses Using BioFire FilmArray and GenXpert Diagnostic Platforms

TL;DR

This paper evaluates diagnostic tools for detecting non-seasonal zoonotic influenza viruses, including H5N1, in nasal and saliva samples.

Contribution

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of two diagnostic platforms in detecting low concentrations of zoonotic influenza viruses.

Findings

Both assays detected influenza viruses in clinically-contrived nasal swab and saliva specimens at low concentrations.

The diagnostic platforms provide valuable data to support pandemic preparedness and surveillance initiatives.

Abstract

Since 2020, the Gs/Gd H5N1 influenza virus (clade 2.3.4.4b) has established itself within wild bird populations across Asia, Europe, and the Americas, causing outbreaks in wild mammals, commercial poultry, and dairy farms. The impacts on the bird populations and the agricultural industry has been significant, requiring a One Health approach to enhanced surveillance in both humans and animals. To support pandemic preparedness efforts, we evaluated the Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit and the BioFire Respiratory 2.1 Panel for their ability to detect the presence of non-seasonal, zoonotic influenza A viruses, including circulating H5N1 viruses from clade 2.3.4.4b. Both assays effectively detected the presence of influenza virus in clinically-contrived nasal swab and saliva specimens at low concentrations. The results generated using the Cepheid Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus kit and the BioFire Respiratory 2.1 Panel, in conjunction with clinical and epidemiological findings provide valuable diagnostic findings that can strengthen pandemic preparedness and surveillance initiatives.