# Genomic Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolates from Alpaca Crias (Vicugna pacos) in the Peruvian Highlands: Insights into Functional Diversity and Pathogenicity

## TL;DR

This study uses whole-genome sequencing to analyze E. coli in alpaca crias, revealing genetic diversity, virulence, and antibiotic resistance patterns important for managing infections and public health.

## Contribution

The study provides new genomic insights into E. coli isolates from alpaca crias in the Peruvian Highlands, identifying specific virulence and resistance profiles.

## Key findings

- Common E. coli sequence types included ST73 and ST29, with serotypes O22:H1 and O109:H11.
- Virulence factors associated with ExPEC-like and EPEC pathotypes were identified.
- Resistance genes for β-lactams, fosfomycin, and colistin were prevalent among isolates.

## Abstract

Diarrhea in alpaca crias significantly impacts livestock health in high-altitude regions, with Escherichia coli as a common pathogen. This study analyzed 10 E. coli isolates from diarrheic and healthy alpacas using whole-genome sequencing to assess genetic diversity, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. Predominant sequence types (ST73, ST29), serotypes (O22:H1, O109:H11), and phylogroups (B2, B1, A) were identified. Virulence profiling revealed ExPEC-like and EPEC pathotypes, while resistance genes for β-lactams (blaEC-15), fosfomycin (glpT_E448K), and colistin (pmrB) were prevalent. These findings highlight the need for genomic surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship to manage E. coli infections in alpacas and reduce public health risks.