# Comparing Computational Peritoneal Dialysis Models in Pigs and Patients

## TL;DR

This study compares six computational models of peritoneal dialysis using data from pigs and patients to evaluate their accuracy in predicting toxin and electrolyte concentrations during treatment.

## Contribution

The paper provides the first direct comparison of multiple PD models using in vivo data from both pigs and patients.

## Key findings

- The three-pore model (TPM) showed improved physiological accuracy but higher computational cost.
- Model predictions revealed inter-individual differences in ultrafiltration, important for personalized dialysis.
- Results suggest a trade-off between model complexity and practical use in real-time clinical systems.

## Abstract

Computational models of peritoneal dialysis (PD) are increasingly useful for optimizing treatment in patients with kidney disease requiring dialysis (KDRD). However, although several mathematical models have been developed in the past few decades, a direct comparison of the models’ accuracy with respect to predicting in vivo data is needed to further create robust personalized models. Here, we used a dataset obtained in a previous in vivo experimental model of PD in pigs (23 sessions of 4 h 2 L dwells in four pigs) and humans (20 sessions in 20 patients) to compare six computational models of PD: the Graff model (UGM), the three-pore model (TPM), the Garred model (GM), and the Waniewski model (WM), as well as two variations of these (UGM-18, SWM). We conducted this comparison to predict the dialysate concentrations of key uremic toxins and electrolytes (four in humans) throughout a 4 h dwell. The model predictions can provide insight into inter-individual differences in ultrafiltration, which are critical for tailoring PD regimens in KDRD. While TPM offered improved physiological reality, its computational cost suggests a trade-off between model complexity and clinical applicability for real-time or portable kidney support systems. In future applications, such models could provide adaptive PD regimens for tailored care based on patient-specific toxin kinetics and fluid dynamics.