# Impact of Anthropomorphic Shape and Skin Stratification on Absorbed Power Density in mmWaves Exposure Scenarios

## TL;DR

This study examines how modeling skin structure affects estimates of absorbed power from mmWave exposure in wearable devices.

## Contribution

The paper is the first to compare APD estimates using stratified versus homogeneous skin models in numerical dosimetry.

## Key findings

- Homogeneous skin models underestimate APD compared to stratified models by 16-30% for wearable antennas.
- Differences are more pronounced in female models and less significant under plane wave exposure (under 11%).

## Abstract

As data exchange demands increase also in widespread wearable technologies, transitioning to higher bandwidths and mmWave frequencies (30–300 GHz) is essential. This shift raises concerns about RF exposure. At such high frequencies, the most crucial human tissue for RF power absorption is the skin, since EMF penetration is superficial. It becomes thus very important to assess how the model used to represent the skin in numerical dosimetry studies affects the estimated level of absorbed power. The present study, for the first time, assesses the absorbed power density (APD) using FDTD simulations on two realistic human models in which: (i) the skin has a two-layer structure made of the stratum corneum and the viable epidermis and dermis layers, and (ii) the skin is modelled as a homogeneous dermis stratum. These results were compared with ones using flat phantom models, with and without the stratified skin. The exposure assessment study was performed with two sources (a wearable patch antenna and a plane wave) tuned to 28 GHz. For the wearable antenna, the results evidence that the exposure levels obtained when using the homogeneous version of the models are always lower than the levels in the stratified skin version with percentage differences from 16% to 30%. This trend is more noticeable with the female model. In the case of plane wave exposure, these differences were less pronounced and lower than 11%.