# Ultrasound assisted homing of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promotes recovery from acute respiratory distress syndrome

## TL;DR

Using ultrasound improves the targeting and survival of stem cells in the lungs, helping to treat a severe lung condition.

## Contribution

This study shows that pulsed ultrasound enhances stem cell homing and effectiveness in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome.

## Key findings

- pFUS increased hUC-MSC homing and prolonged their survival in ARDS mouse lungs.
- pFUS improved lung function by reducing inflammation and cell death in ARDS models.
- pFUS upregulated homing factors like SDF-1, ICAM-1, CXCL5, and IGF-1 in lung tissues.

## Abstract

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) show potential for treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), however, their homing to the lungs and survival time are insufficient. In this study, we evaluated whether pulsed focus ultrasound (pFUS) could promote the homing and prolonged retention of hUC-MSCs in the lungs of ARDS mice and explored the mechanisms involved.

Mice were divided into four groups: the NC group, the LPS group, the MSCs group, and the pFUS + MSCs group. Except for the NC group, the other three groups were constructed as ARDS models and given PBS, MSCs and pFUS + MSCs interventions. hUC-MSCs were used to assess lung tissue injury by HE staining, inflammatory cell count in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and expression of Tnf, Il1b and Il6 in the lung tissues; and apoptosis and proliferation in the lung tissues were assessed by TUNEL and immunofluorescence. Bioluminescence imaging was used to detect the homing rate and survival of hUC-MSCs in mouse lungs from 1 to 7 days. Cxcl5 and Igf1 was found to be differentially expressed and highly enriched by mRNA sequencing in MSC and sonicated groups and verified by PCR combined with ELISA.

Compared with the LPS group, the lung inflammatory infiltrate and lung tissue damage in the MSCs group and pFUS + MSC group were alleviated, the number of inflammatory cells in the BALF and the expression of Tnf, Il1b and Il6 in the lung tissues were reduced, the expression of TUNEL-positive cells was reduced, and the expression of PCNA-positive cells was increased, and the decrease or increase was more significant in the pFUS + MSC group (P < 0.05). pFUS increased the number of hUC-MSCs homing in the lungs and prolonged lung survival to day 6 and significantly up-regulated lung tissue levels of SDF-1, ICAM-1, CXCL5 and IGF-1 compared to the MSCs group (P < 0.05).

pFUS preconditioning may improve lung homing and prolong survival of hUC-MSCs by upregulating the levels of homing-associated factors SDF-1, ICAM-1, CXCL5 and IGF-1, which in turn improves ARDS.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-025-04545-6.