# Structural Characterization of Micronized Lignocellulose Date Pits as Affected by Water Sonication Followed by Alcoholic Fractionations

## TL;DR

This study examines how water sonication and alcoholic fractionation affect the structure of micronized date pit powder, a potential food and bio-product material.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel method combining sonication and alcoholic fractionation to characterize the structural changes in date pit powder.

## Key findings

- Ultrasound treatment significantly reduced the particle size of date pit powder compared to the untreated control.
- SEM and TEM revealed differences in particle morphology and the presence of nanoparticles in all extracted fractions.
- FTIR analysis showed higher degradation levels in date pits treated with ultrasound.

## Abstract

Date pits are considered waste, and micronized date pit powder could be developed for use in foods and bio-products. In this study, micronized date pit powders were extracted by alcoholic sedimentation after ultrasound treatment. The control was considered untreated, i.e., without sonication. Six micronized fractions (i.e., three from control and three from treated) were prepared by three stages of alcoholic sedimentation. In the case of untreated date pit powder, the average particle size of the fractionated date pit powder (i.e., residue) from three stages of alcoholic sedimentation varied from 89 to 164 µm, while ultrasonic treatment showed variation from 39 to 65 µm. The average particle size of the supernatant fractions of untreated date pit powder varied from 22 to 63 µm, while ultrasonic treatment showed variation from 18 to 44 µm. Ultrasound treatment produced smaller particles. In all cases, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that supernatant fractions contained lumped particles compared to the residue fractions. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed the presence of nanoparticles in all extracted fractions. Two glass transitions were observed in all fractions except for the residue from the first sedimentation stage. In addition, higher levels of degradation in the fractionated date pits could be achieved by ultrasonic treatment, as is evident from the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis.