# Myopia Management in Ontario, Canada

## TL;DR

This study examines how optometrists in Ontario manage pediatric myopia and finds that myopia control interventions are becoming more common and are being started at lower refractive errors over time.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the evolving trends in pediatric myopia management practices among optometrists in Ontario.

## Key findings

- Single-vision spectacle correction was the primary intervention for myopic children, but its use decreased from 98.2% in 2017 to 56.7% in 2023.
- Myopia control modalities increased from 1.8% to 43.3% between 2017 and 2023, with interventions initiated at lower refractive errors over time.
- Optometrists with longer experience were more likely to prescribe older myopia control methods like bifocals compared to newer graduates.

## Abstract

Objectives: To determine how optometrists in Canada manage their pediatric myopia patients and to assess whether this has changed over time. Methods: In a retrospective chart review, records for children aged 6–10 years who had an eye exam between 2017 to 2021 were reviewed. Children were grouped by presenting refraction (myopes ≤ −0.50 D or pre-myopes ≤ +0.75 D). Up to five unique patients were selected for each age (6, 7, 8, 9, and 10) and initial visit year (2017 to 2021) for each group (myopes and pre-myopes), for a maximum of 250 files per practice. Demographic information, refraction, and recommended interventions were recorded. Logistic regression was used to model the likelihood of being prescribed a myopia control intervention based on patient and optometrist characteristics. Results: A total of 2905 patients (n = 1467 (50%) female) from 15 practices across Ontario, Canada, were included, accounting for 8546 visits. Optometrists predominantly prescribed single-vision spectacle correction as a first-line intervention for myopic children, although this declined from 98.2% in 2017 to 56.7% in 2023. The use of myopia control modalities increased from 1.8% to 43.3% over this same period. Optometrists began recommending myopia control at lower myopic refractive errors over time (−2.63 DS in 2017 vs and −1.49 DS in 2020). Myopia control spectacles were the most commonly prescribed intervention, despite the observation that optometrists are not hesitant to fit contact lenses in younger children. Optometrists who had been in practice longer were more likely to prescribe older forms of myopia control (e.g., bifocals/progressives) than more recent graduates. Conclusions: While single-vision spectacle correction remains a primary approach for initial myopia management in Ontario, Canada, optometrists increasingly recommend myopia control and are initiating interventions earlier.