# Hwanhon Decoction Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Suppresses Neuroinflammation in a Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Mouse Model: Involvement of Key Genes Identified by Network Pharmacology

## TL;DR

Hwanhon decoction improves cognitive function and reduces brain inflammation in a mouse model of vascular dementia.

## Contribution

This study identifies Hwanhon decoction's cognitive and anti-inflammatory effects in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model using network pharmacology.

## Key findings

- HHex reduced cognitive impairment in a VaD mouse model.
- HHex suppressed astrocyte activation and inflammatory responses.
- Network pharmacology identified key proteins involved in HHex's mechanism.

## Abstract

Background: With an aging population, dementia prevalence is increasing in Korea. Vascular dementia (VaD), often caused by cerebrovascular disease (CVD), is more common in Korea compared to Western countries. Hwanhon decoction, a traditional medicine containing Ephedrae Herba, Armeniacae Semen, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, is traditionally used for CVD-related loss of consciousness. This study aimed to assess the cognitive improvement and anti-inflammatory effects of Hwanhon decoction extract (HHex) in a mouse model of VaD caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Methods: Key pharmacologically active ingredients of Hwanhon decoction were identified using network pharmacology analysis. VaD was induced in C57Bl/6 male mice through bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Mice were divided into sham surgery, BCAS control, low-dose HHex (L-HHex), and high-dose HHex (H-HHex) groups (n = 5/group). After CCH induction, L-HHex or H-HHex was administered thrice weekly for six weeks. Cognitive function, inflammatory markers, and RNA sequencing data were analyzed. Results: HHex administration reduced cognitive impairment and mitigated CCH-induced astrocyte activation. Inflammatory responses mediated by reactive astrocytes were suppressed, and network pharmacology predicted central proteins influencing HHex’s activity. Conclusions: HHex alleviated cognitive dysfunction and reduced inflammation in a VaD mouse model, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for vascular dementia associated with impaired cerebral blood flow.