# FlowerPatch: New Method to Measure Nectar Volume in Artificial Flowers

## TL;DR

A new sensor called FlowerPatch measures nectar volume in artificial flowers to better understand pollinator behavior and improve experimental data collection.

## Contribution

The FlowerPatch Nectar Sensor (FPNS) introduces a novel method to dynamically monitor nectar volume and concentration in artificial flowers.

## Key findings

- The FPNS can detect nectar volume variations from 1 μL to 4 μL with high accuracy.
- The sensor correlates nectar concentration with a frequency signal measurable by a microcontroller.
- The system was tested under controlled and natural conditions, showing its effectiveness in tracking nectar dynamics.

## Abstract

This study presents a new sensor for artificial flowers, designed to investigate nectar dynamics in relation to pollinator behavior. Other existing systems enable nectar delivery or the detection of pollinator visits. With our sensor, called FPNS, we contribute the ability to directly indicate the presence and variation of nectar. This allows us to determine if nectar may have been consumed or if its state was affected by environmental conditions. With the FPNS, we aim to optimize the manual processes of nectar replenishment and improve data collection in pollinator experiments.

This article proposes a new Flower Patch Nectar Sensor to address the problem of detecting and measuring nectar in artificial flowers used in experiments on pollinator behavior. Traditional methods have focused mainly on recording the visits of pollinators to the flowers, without addressing the dynamic variations in nectar in terms of volume and concentration. The proposed approach provides more detailed information about the nectar consumption by bees and allows for the determination of the optimal time to refill the flowers. This study introduces an innovative method that uses electrodes and an oscillator circuit to measure the volume of nectar present in the flower. The system correlates the concentration of nectar with a frequency signal that can be processed by a microcontroller. It was evaluated using initial volumes ranging from 1 μL to 4 μL, demonstrating its ability to accurately detect variations in nectar, even up to the point where the frequency approaches zero. The results confirm that this method allows us to identify how the reward offered to pollinators (represented by nectar) varies over time, in terms of concentration, under both controlled and natural conditions. Additionally, graphs are presented that show the relationship between an initial volume of 4 μL and variations in the frequency signal over a period of 25 min, highlighting the influence of these factors on nectar dynamics. This work not only introduces an innovative approach for the dynamic monitoring of nectar in artificial flowers but also lays the groundwork for future studies on the physical and chemical modeling of nectar in response to environmental conditions.