# Recombinant DNA the Bio-Revolution, Between Promise, Hurdles, and Achievements

**Authors:** Mohamed Raafat El-Gewely

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/ijms26146611 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2025-07-10

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** INS (insulin) [NCBI Gene 3630] {aka IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10}, TRNG (tRNA-Gly) [NCBI Gene 4563] {aka MTTG}
- **Diseases:** injury to (MESH:D014947)
- **Chemicals:** amino acid (MESH:D000596)
- **Species:** Corynebacterium glutamicum (species) [taxon 1718], Escherichia coli (E. coli, species) [taxon 562], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]
- **Cell lines:** Chinese hamster ovary — Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_0213)

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## References

30 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12294703/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12294703