# A Rare Case of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Four-Month-Old Infant

## TL;DR

This paper reports a rare case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a four-month-old infant, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis in infants.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in presenting a rare and atypical case of ALL in an infant under one year old.

## Key findings

- The infant presented with fever, vomiting, and pallor, and was diagnosed with precursor B-cell ALL.
- Severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperleukocytosis with 95% circulating blasts were observed.
- Early recognition of symptoms and lab signs is crucial for timely treatment in infants with ALL.

## Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy, yet its presentation in infants under one year is rare and often atypical. This report describes a four-month-old female infant who presented with fever, vomiting, and pallor, ultimately diagnosed with precursor B-cell ALL. Laboratory investigations revealed severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperleukocytosis, with 95% circulating blasts. Immunophenotyping confirmed the diagnosis, and further cytogenetic studies were recommended. This report emphasizes the need for early recognition of clinical and laboratory signs, such as hyperleukocytosis, severe anemia, and a high burden of circulating blasts in infants, to facilitate timely diagnosis and initiation of risk-adapted treatment strategies for ALL.