The Global COVID-19 Pandemic Experience: Innovation Through Environmental Assessment and Seropositivity Surveillance

TL;DR

The paper suggests that moderate virus suppression and seropositivity tracking could significantly reduce global COVID-19 deaths compared to current policies.

Contribution

The study proposes innovative strategies combining environmental virus monitoring and seropositivity surveillance to manage and reduce pandemic mortality.

Findings

Western countries had 6-fold higher mortality rates than East Asian and New Zealand 'zero-COVID' countries by 2025.

Japan's moderate suppression policy predicted a 10-fold lower mortality rate than the US, UK, Brazil, and Italy.

China's transition from zero-COVID policy resulted in half the mortality rate of Western countries by 2025.

Abstract

Objectives: To confirm a conjecture from year 2020 of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic suggesting policy alternatives to substantially reduce mortality burden. Methods: Data from a global COVID-19 database comparing different countries on cumulative mortality and vaccination were analyzed in conjunction with surveys of seropositivity. Predictions of final mortality burden under an alternate policy scenario for Japan were calculated and the COVID-19 outcomes for China were assessed. Results: By 2025, Western countries (US, UK, Brazil and Italy) had cumulative mortality rates in the range of 3339–3548 deaths per million, about 6-fold higher than East Asian and New Zealand ‘zero-COVID’ countries. Moderate virus suppression in Japan produced the lowest cumulative mortality of the countries analyzed; if earlier policies had been maintained, the predicted cumulative mortality rate by 2025 would be one-tenth that of the US, UK, Brazil and Italy and one-half to one-third that of other zero-COVID countries. For China, transitioning from a zero-COVID policy in 2022–2023, the estimated 2025 cumulative mortality was 1607/million, half that of Western countries. Conclusions: To minimize COVID-19 mortality would require: (1) Innovation on systematic sampling of ambient airborne virus exposure to sustain low but non-zero virus levels across entire populations, and (2) seropositivity assessment (instead of mass PCR testing for new cases) for calibrating exposure management, and tracking and protecting high-risk populations.

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