Critical–Reflective Self-Assessment in Clinical Activities in a Dentistry Program at a Brazilian Public University

TL;DR

This study examines how dentistry students in Brazil assess themselves during clinical training, finding that few consistently engage in critical reflection, which is important for professional competence.

Contribution

The study highlights the need to integrate critical and reflective self-assessment more broadly into dental education curricula.

Findings

Only 20.0% of third-year and 24.1% of fifth-year students engaged in reflection in at least half of their clinical activities.

78.7% of third-year and 90.8% of fifth-year students completed at least one reflection during the academic year.

Only 22.1% of 453 students demonstrated sustained critical reflection.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the critical and reflective self-assessment capacity of dentistry students based on two clinical courses that employ self-assessment processes as a strategy to foster autonomy in health care. Materials and Methods: Reflections from third- and fifth-year students were evaluated over a three-year period. The methodology sought to identify the presence of critical reflections, perceptions of strengths and weaknesses, and the formulation of improvement plans. Results: The results revealed low levels of continuous reflection, with only 20.0% of third-year students and 24.1% of fifth-year students engaging in reflection in at least half of their clinical activities. However, 78.7% of third-year students and 90.8% of fifth-year students completed at least one reflection during the academic year. The ability to sustain continuous critical reflection was observed in only 22.1% of the 453 students evaluated. These findings present a concerning scenario, as critical reflection is directly linked to competence in health care and informed decision-making. Conclusions: The study concludes that formative assessment processes requiring critical and reflective self-assessment must be broadly integrated into the curriculum to foster significant gains in the development of professional competencies.