Component-Resolved and Multiplex-Specific IgE Diagnostics: Utility in Anaphylaxis and Beyond

TL;DR

This paper reviews how advanced allergy tests can better identify allergens causing severe reactions and improve patient care.

Contribution

The paper highlights the clinical utility of component-resolved diagnostics and multiplex IgE testing in anaphylaxis and allergy management.

Findings

Component-resolved diagnostics improve identification of clinically relevant allergen components.

Multiplex IgE platforms enhance patient selection for immunotherapy and anaphylaxis risk assessment.

These diagnostic tools support personalized allergy management and reduce healthcare costs.

Abstract

The diagnosis of allergic diseases and anaphylaxis is complex and encompasses a broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo diagnostic tests. The choice of diagnostic tests is related to the presumed pathophysiological mechanism of the allergic reaction. In the past decade the implementation of component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) into clinical practice has significantly improved the depicting of sensitization profiles, which has aided in the assessment of clinically relevant allergen components that are associated with true allergy, as well as the levels of risk of severe anaphylactic reactions. Recently, multiplex-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) platforms have emerged for better selection of patients at risk for anaphylaxis and have improved the selection criteria for patients undergoing allergen immunotherapy, including novel regimes such as oral immunotherapy. This review describes the advantages of the utilization of component-resolved diagnostics and multiplex assays in clinical settings, especially in cases of anaphylaxis when no clear trigger is recognized or where multiple culprits are suspected. As multiplex component-resolved diagnostics becomes more readily available globally and with the use of novel approaches, CRD will certainly be a crucial tool in personalized and individually tailored management plans and reduce the financial burden of anaphylaxis.