# Covalent Organic Frameworks for Immunoassays: A Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how covalent organic frameworks can enhance immunoassays by improving sensitivity and stability.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of COFs' roles in immunoassays, highlighting their design and application.

## Key findings

- COFs offer advantages like high surface area and tunable pores for immunoassay enhancement.
- They can function as electrode modifiers, signal indicators, and enzyme carriers in immunoassays.
- The paper discusses challenges and future directions for COFs in this field.

## Abstract

Immunoassays relying on highly specific antigen–antibody recognition are important tools for effectively measuring the levels of various targets. Efforts have been made in the development of various methods to improve the detection sensitivity and stability of immunoassays. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as an emerging class of novel crystalline porous materials, have unique advantages such as flexible designability, high surface area, excellent stability, tunable pore sizes, and multiple functionalities. They have great potential as novel sensory materials. Herein, we summarize the advances of COFs in electrochemical and optical immunoassays serving as electrode modifiers, signal indicators, enzyme or probe carriers, etc. Meanwhile, the design and application of typical COFs-based immunoassays in the determination of different targets are discussed in detail. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are presented.