# In Vitro Microbial Adhesion on the Surfaces of Various Polytetrafluoroethylene Membranes Used in Guided Bone Regeneration

## TL;DR

This study examines how different PTFE membranes used in bone regeneration affect the adhesion of oral microorganisms, finding that surface properties influence microbial attachment.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into how surface roughness and energy of PTFE membranes affect microbial adhesion in guided bone regeneration.

## Key findings

- Membranes with low surface roughness and high surface free energy attracted the fewest microbes.
- Surgitime attracted the highest number of S. mutans and P. gingivalis.
- OsseoGuard-TXT attracted the lowest number of all three tested microorganisms.

## Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion of oral microorganisms on the surfaces of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. Materials and Methods: In this study, three oral microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans) were used, and six PTFE membranes were characterized by their surface roughness, contact angle (CA), and surface free energy (SFE). Microbial hydrophobicity was investigated, and adhesion was examined via DNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Significant differences were noted amongst the membranes with respect to SFE, CA, and roughness (p < 0.001). S. mutans was the most hydrophobic microorganism, followed by C. albicans and P. gingivalis. SEM analyses confirmed that the microorganisms adhered to all membranes, with Surgitime being the membrane that attracted the highest number of S. mutans (p < 0.001) and P. gingivalis (p < 0.001). By contrast, OsseoGuard-TXT was one of the membranes that attracted the lowest number (p < 0.001) of all three tested species. Conclusions: The results showed that microbial adhesion to PTFE membranes was affected by the membrane surface roughness and SFE, as well as the characteristics of the microorganisms. The most hydrophilic bacteria adhered the least to all the tested membranes, whereas membranes with a low surface roughness and high SFE attracted the lowest number of all the tested microbes. These results may guide the selection of an appropriate GBR membrane.