Novel Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives of 5′-Aminospirotriazolotriazine Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Suppressing Pro-Inflammatory Mediators: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation Using a Rat Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema
Amany M. Hamed, Souhaila S. Enaili, Walaa I. Mohammed, Azza M. A. Abouelella, Zeyad Elsayed Eldeeb Mohana, Dina M. Monir, Safaa S. Soliman, Elsayed Eldeeb Mehana Hamouda, Hytham Mahmoud Abd Elatif, Ahmed M. El-Saghier
TL;DR
This study shows that new triazine compounds are safer and more effective than indomethacin in reducing inflammation and protecting red blood cells.
Contribution
The study introduces novel 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with superior anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects compared to standard drugs.
Findings
The compounds reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers more effectively than indomethacin.
They achieved up to 99.69% inhibition of paw edema at 200 mg/kg, outperforming the standard drug.
The compounds significantly protected RBC membranes from heat-induced hemolysis.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Inflammation is a crucial and complex mechanism that protects the body against infections. In our study, we propose to provide scientific evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives. Methods: Initially, we ensured the safety of the three synthesized derivatives by administering graded doses of up to 2000 mg/kg intraperitoneally in Wistar rats. Thus, the three derivatives were considered generally safe. We also evaluated their ability to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Results: Compounds 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated stronger anti-inflammatory activity than indomethacin (10 mg/kg), achieving maximum inhibition at the fourth hour with percentages of 96.31%, 72.08%, and 99.69%, respectively, at a dose of 200 mg/kg, compared to 57.66% for the standard drug. To explore the mechanism, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,…
Genes, proteins, chemicals, diseases, species, mutations and cell lines named across the full text — each resolved to its canonical identifier and authoritative record.
Click any figure to enlarge with its caption.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13Peer Reviews
No public reviews on file for this paper yet. If you reviewed it on a platform where reviews are public (OpenReview, ICLR, NeurIPS, ICML), you can paste yours below so the community can read it here.
Videos
No videos yet. Explain this paper in a talk, walkthrough, or lecture? Add one.
Taxonomy
TopicsQuinazolinone synthesis and applications · Research on Leishmaniasis Studies · Synthesis and biological activity