Cognitive Impairment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Role of Pain, Inflammation, and Multimorbidity in Neuropsychological Outcomes

TL;DR

This study explores how chronic pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis affect cognitive functions like memory and attention.

Contribution

The study identifies how pain intensity and disease flares specifically impact cognitive performance in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Findings

Patients with isolated RA performed better in visuospatial memory and cognitive flexibility than those with comorbidities.

Higher pain intensity and disease flares were linked to worse attention, memory, and psychomotor speed.

Chronic pain and high disease activity in RA negatively affect cognitive functions.

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that may affect the central nervous system, leading to cognitive impairment associated with chronic inflammation and pain. Objective: To assess the relationship between cognitive function, disease progression, pain intensity, and clinical parameters in patients with RA. Materials and Methods: This study included 62 RA patients, including individuals with comorbid conditions. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) battery. Associations between cognitive function and pain intensity (VAS), inflammatory markers (ESR), number of disease flares, and surgical interventions were analyzed. Results: Patients with isolated RA demonstrated better performance in visuospatial memory and cognitive flexibility compared to those with comorbidities. Increased pain intensity and the number of disease flares were associated with impaired attention, memory, and psychomotor speed. Conclusions: Chronic pain and high disease activity in RA negatively impact cognitive functions. Routine neuropsychological assessment should be considered in the comprehensive clinical management of RA patients.