# Brain creatine metabolism modulated by hydrogen-enriched water

## TL;DR

This study shows that drinking hydrogen-enriched water for six months can change creatine levels in specific brain regions of older adults.

## Contribution

The study is the first to show that hydrogen-rich water can modulate brain creatine metabolism in older adults.

## Key findings

- HRW increased creatine in the right parietal white matter compared to placebo.
- HRW decreased creatine in the left parietal-mesial gray matter compared to placebo.
- A trend toward increased creatine was observed in the right frontal gray matter with HRW.

## Abstract

Creatine (Cr) plays a crucial role in aging by supporting cognitive function and promoting neuroprotection. Optimizing Cr levels in the aging brain is therefore of significant interest. This study aimed to explore whether hydrogen-rich water (HRW) supplementation could influence brain creatine metabolism in older adults.

In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial, eight healthy individuals over 70 years of age (mean age: 75.6 ± 5.2 years; 4 females) underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and after six months of daily consumption of 500 mL of HRW or a placebo. Creatine levels were assessed at 13 brain regions using single-voxel spectroscopy for the left thalamus and a 2D multi-voxel PRESS technique for 12 additional regions, covering frontal, middle, and posterior white and gray matter bilaterally.

Participants in the HRW group exhibited significant creatine changes in specific brain regions after six months. Compared to the placebo group, HRW supplementation was associated with increased creatine levels in the right parietal white matter (from 6.0 ± 1.1 to 6.3 ± 1.6 ppm) and decreased creatine levels in the left parietal-mesial gray matter (from 4.4 ± 2.3 to 4.2 ± 2.3 ppm) (P < 0.05). Additionally, a trend toward increased creatine levels was observed in the right frontal gray matter in the HRW group (from 3.8 ± 2.0 to 5.0 ± 1.8 ppm) compared to the placebo (from 4.7 ± 0.9 to 4.5 ± 0.9 ppm) (P = 0.08).

In addition to conventional creatine-enhancing supplements, hydrogen-based supplementation may modulate age-related and region-specific creatine dynamics in the brain. Further research with a larger cohort is needed to validate these findings.