# A Novel Flow Chemistry Approach to Covalent Functionalization of 3D Graphene Aerogels

## TL;DR

A new flow chemistry method is developed to covalently modify 3D graphene aerogels while keeping their structure intact.

## Contribution

An innovative in-flow covalent functionalization method using diazonium salt chemistry at room temperature is introduced.

## Key findings

- The method preserves the porous architecture of 3D graphene aerogels during functionalization.
- A statistical model improves reproducibility in Raman analysis of graphene-based materials.
- The process operates at room temperature, avoiding the need for high thermal conditions.

## Abstract

Tuning the surface chemistry of 3D graphene structures,
such as
hydrogels and aerogels, is critical for advancing their chemical and
physical properties, which are essential for material design. Here,
we present an innovative in-flow covalent functionalization approach
based on diazonium salt chemistry to introduce new functionalities
into the 3D graphene aerogel backbone while preserving its porous
architecture. To achieve this, we designed a flow-based reactor tailored
for the functionalization of macroscopic aerogel samples, addressing
limitations of noncovalent methods including molecular slippage. Notably,
the proposed method operates at room temperature, a significant advantage
over existing techniques that often require high thermal conditions.
Additionally, to overcome challenges associated with solid-state Raman
analysis of graphene-based compounds, we proposed a statistical model
to enhance the reproducibility of the process and rationalize I
D/I
G ratios post-treatment.
This work demonstrates the feasibility of in-flow covalent functionalization
of 3D graphene aerogels, opening new perspectives for the development
of customizable porous carbon-based materials for various technological
applications.