# Democratizing cardiac imaging with an automated magnetic resonance exam

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an automated 30-minute CMR exam that simplifies cardiac imaging, improves accessibility, and maintains diagnostic accuracy.

## Contribution

The development of AutoCMR, an end-to-end automated CMR exam that enables 4D whole-heart imaging without breath-holds.

## Key findings

- AutoCMR was validated in preclinical and clinical settings with results comparable to conventional CMR.
- AutoCMR enables advanced patient analytics like digital twins and 3D printing.
- The system is scalable and aims to increase CMR accessibility in underserved communities.

## Abstract

Advanced imaging of the heart, including cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), has revolutionized the diagnosis and prognosis for cardiovascular disease1–3. For the past 40 years, CMR has primarily relied on the acquisition of numerous breath-held 2D images resulting in complex scanner operation, patient discomfort, long scan durations, and cumbersome image interpretation4,5. These limitations constrain CMR use to major academic hospital systems and severely limit patient access to CMR, which makes up < 1% of total cardiovascular imaging despite being represented in two thirds of all AHA/ACC guidelines6,7. By leveraging advanced multidimensional physics and artificial intelligence, we overcome these challenges by developing a 30-minute end-to-end automated CMR exam (AutoCMR) that delivers 4D anatomical, functional, and tissue characterization of the whole heart in a single click without breath-holds. AutoCMR was rigorously validated in three cohorts: preclinical large animals, patients scanned in an academic hospital setting with over 40 years of CMR experience, and patients scanned in a community health center with no prior CMR experience. While providing simplified CMR acquisition and automated analysis, we demonstrated that AutoCMR was not significantly different than conventional CMR in imaging biomarkers and human interpretation. With its 4D whole thoracic coverage, we further showcased that AutoCMR can enable next generation patient analytics including personalized digital twins, 3D printing, virtual reality, and automated clinical structured summaries. Due to its inherent scalability, we anticipate AutoCMR will promote the democratization of CMR, increasing patient access for all including underserved health communities, while enabling powerful downstream cutting-edge technologies aimed at personalized medicine.