Angiotensinogen M235T Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease Complication among Patients with Hypertension in the Ethiopian Population

TL;DR

This study found that a specific gene variant and high cholesterol are linked to a higher risk of heart disease in Ethiopian patients with high blood pressure.

Contribution

The study identifies the AGT M235T TT genotype and T allele as potential biomarkers for ischemic heart disease in hypertensive Ethiopian patients.

Findings

The AGT-TT genotype was significantly more frequent in patients with IHD compared to controls.

The T allele of the AGT M235T gene was more common in IHD patients.

Dyslipidemia was more prevalent in IHD patients with hypertension.

Abstract

The relationship between angiotensinogen gene variations and other risk factors in ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains unclear, largely due to the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the association of high cholesterol levels, and the angiotensinogen M235T (rs699) gene variant with ischemic heart disease in hypertensive patients.

A hospital-based case-control study was conducted with 70 hypertensive patients diagnosed with IHD and 70 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and blood samples were taken for biochemical and genetic testing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to determine the angiotensinogen M235T genotypes.

The AGT-TT genotype (OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.30–6.63; P < 0.05) and T allele (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.51–4.14; P < 0.001) were significantly more frequent in patients than in controls. Furthermore, dyslipidemia was more prevalent in the patient group compared to the controls (OR = 4.57, 95% CI = 1.71–12.18; P = 0.0024).

The AGT M235T TT genotype and T allele are associated with ischemic heart disease in hypertensive patients, which may suggest as a potential biomarker for early detection and prevention. Dyslipidemia was higher in ischemic heart disease patients with hypertension.

Figures