# Nipah virus vaccines evaluated in pigs as a ‘One Health’ approach to protect public health

## TL;DR

Researchers tested three potential Nipah virus vaccines in pigs to prevent outbreaks and protect public health.

## Contribution

The study evaluates three NiV vaccine candidates in pigs and identifies their distinct immune responses and protective efficacy.

## Key findings

- NiV sG induced the strongest neutralizing antibody response.
- All three vaccines provided high protection against NiV infection in pigs.
- Immune responses were long-lasting and effective under field conditions in Bangladesh.

## Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) causes a severe neurological disease in humans. The first NiV outbreak, in Malaysia, involved pig-to-human transmission, that resulted in significant economic losses to the local pig industry. Despite the risk NiV poses to pig-dense regions, no licensed vaccines exist. This study therefore assessed three NiV vaccine candidates in pigs: (1) adjuvanted soluble NiV (s)G protein, (2) adjuvanted pre-fusion stabilised NiV (mcs)F protein, and (3) adenoviral vectored NiV G (ChAdOx1 NiV G). NiV sG induced the strongest neutralising antibody response, NiV mcsF induced antibodies best able to neutralise cell-cell fusion, whereas ChAdOx1 NiV G elicited CD8+ T-cell responses. Despite differences in immunogenicity, prime-boost immunisation with all candidates conferred a high degree of protection against NiV infection. Follow-up studies demonstrated longevity of immune responses and broadly comparable immune responses in Bangladeshi pigs under field conditions. These studies provide a platform for developing a NiV vaccine for pigs.