A case of polycystic kidney disease infection caused by Brucella: report and literature review

TL;DR

A rare case of kidney infection caused by Brucella in a patient with polycystic kidney disease is reported, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and targeted treatment.

Contribution

Highlights the rare occurrence of Brucella infection in PKD patients and the importance of considering zoonotic pathogens in such cases.

Findings

Brucella infection was confirmed in a PKD patient with a history of livestock exposure.

Successful treatment was achieved using doxycycline and rifampin.

A literature review on brucellosis is provided, covering epidemiology and treatment strategies.

Abstract

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder characterized by the progressive development of multiple renal cysts. While cyst infections in PKD are typically caused by common gut flora, infections due to atypical zoonotic pathogens like Brucella are exceedingly rare. We present a unique case of a 40-year-old male patient with PKD who developed a renal cyst infection caused by Brucella following exposure to livestock. Despite initial negative urine cultures, blood cultures confirmed the diagnosis of Brucella infection. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of doxycycline and rifampin. This case underscores the importance of considering zoonotic pathogens in patients with PKD and a history of livestock contact. It also highlights the critical role of early diagnosis and targeted antibiotic therapy in managing such rare infections. Additionally, this study provides a comprehensive review of brucellosis, covering its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Figures