# Skin Wound Healing: The Impact of Treatment with Antimicrobial Nanoparticles and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

## TL;DR

This study explores how combining mesenchymal stem cells and antimicrobial nanoparticles can enhance skin wound healing in mice.

## Contribution

The study reveals novel interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and nanoparticles that accelerate wound healing through specific molecular pathways.

## Key findings

- Combined MSCs and NPs treatment increased Sprr2b expression, linked to keratinocyte differentiation and inflammation.
- Ag NP treatment modulated DNA methylation in genes related to desmosome organization.
- MSC and Ag treatments increased regulatory macrophages and reduced inflammatory markers like nitric oxide.

## Abstract

An investigation into the biological mechanisms initiated in wounded skin following the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and nanoparticles (NPs) (Ag, ZnO), either alone or combined, was performed in mice, with the aim of determining the optimal approach to accelerate the healing process. This combined treatment was hypothesized to be beneficial, as it is associated with the production of molecules supporting the healing process and antimicrobial activity. The samples were collected seven days after injury. When compared with untreated wounded animals (controls), the combined (MSCs+NPs) treatment induced the expression of Sprr2b, encoding small proline-rich protein 2B, which is involved in keratinocyte differentiation, the response to tissue injury, and inflammation. Pathways associated with keratinocyte differentiation were also affected. Ag NP treatment (alone or combined) modulated DNA methylation changes in genes involved in desmosome organization. The percentage of activated regulatory macrophages at the wound site was increased by MSC-alone and Ag-alone treatments, while the production of nitric oxide, an inflammatory marker, by stimulated macrophages was decreased by both MSC/Ag-alone and MSCs+Ag treatments. Ag induced the expression of Col1, encoding collagen-1, at the injury site. The results of the MSC and NP treatment of skin wounds (alone or combined) suggest an induction of processes accelerating the proliferative phase of healing. Thus, MSC-NP interactions are a key factor affecting global mRNA expression changes in the wound.