# Role of oligandrin in enhancing post-harvest disease resistance in cherry tomato through salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways

## TL;DR

Oligandrin boosts cherry tomato resistance to fungal disease after harvest by activating salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways.

## Contribution

This study reveals oligandrin's novel role in post-harvest disease resistance via dual activation of SA and JA signaling pathways.

## Key findings

- Oligandrin treatment reduces disease symptoms in cherry tomatoes without affecting spore germination.
- Oligandrin activates both SA and JA signaling pathways, upregulating key defense-related genes and enzymes.
- Oligandrin offers a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides for post-harvest disease management.

## Abstract

Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways are crucial components of plant defense mechanisms; however, their roles in post-harvest preservation remain inadequately explored. Cherry tomatoes are highly susceptible to fungal pathogens, such as Alternaria nees, after harvest, leading to significant post-harvest losses. This study investigates the effects of oligandrin, an elicitin protein derived from Pythium oligandrum, on enhancing the resistance of harvested cherry tomatoes to A. nees. Oligandrin treatment significantly reduced disease symptoms, including black spots and decay, during storage without affecting A. nees spore germination. Treated samples exhibited enhanced activities of defense-related enzymes, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and catalase (CAT), compared to controls. Key SA-responsive genes, such as NPR1 (Non-expressor of Pathogenesis-Related Genes 1), TGA2 (TGACG-Binding Factor 2), WRKY70, and PR1 (Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1), were upregulated within 48 h, indicating activation of the SA signaling pathway. Additionally, JAZ1 (Jasmonate ZIM-Domain 1), a negative regulator of JA signaling, was elevated at both 24 and 48 h, while MYC2 (Myelocytomatosis 2), a transcription factor involved in the JA pathway, showed significant upregulation, suggesting activation of the JA signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that oligandrin enhances post-harvest fungal disease resistance by modulating both SA and JA pathways and sustaining elevated defense enzyme activity, offering a promising strategy for improving post-harvest preservation and quality maintenance of cherry tomatoes.

This study provides compelling evidence that oligandrin activates both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways in cherry tomatoes, enhancing resistance to A. nees. This dual activation not only deepens our understanding of oligandrin’s mechanisms but also underscores the potential of oligandrin and its producer P. oligandrum as a biocontrol agent for post-harvest preservation. By modulating plant immunity and promoting defense enzyme activity, oligandrin strengthens resistance to fungal diseases, offering a promising strategy for maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of berry-like crops. Given the successful use of P. oligandrum as a biopesticide in Europe and North America, oligandrin and its producer P. oligandrum present an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides for post-harvest disease management. This research lays the groundwork for further studies aimed at optimizing the application of P. oligandrum in real-world agricultural settings, establishing it as a reliable, sustainable tool for both agricultural and post-harvest management practices. These findings contribute to advancing biocontrol strategies for safer, more sustainable food production systems.