# In vitro screening of angiotensin converting enzyme and hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitory activities in lactic acid bacteria and yeasts isolated from fermented sorghum gruels

## TL;DR

This study identifies lactic acid bacteria and yeast from fermented sorghum that can inhibit enzymes linked to heart disease, suggesting potential for functional foods.

## Contribution

The study reports novel in vitro inhibitory activities of HMG-CoA reductase and ACE by Lactobacillus pentosus and Trichomonascus ciferri isolates.

## Key findings

- Lactobacillus pentosus WSL5 showed increasing HMG-CoA reductase and ACE inhibition with higher concentrations.
- Trichomonascus ciferri RSY53 exhibited strong ACE inhibition, with an IC50 of 7.03 µg/ml, lower than controls.
- Both isolates are potential starter cultures for functional foods targeting cardiovascular health.

## Abstract

3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia and hypertension, which are oxidative-stress linked conditions of public health importance. The adverse effects associated with standard clinical drugs used to inhibit these enzymes have prompted the search for alternative sources. This study was designed to investigate the in vitro inhibitory activities of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts isolated from fermented sorghum gruels.

LAB and yeast isolates were obtained and characterized using standard methods. The HMG-CoA reductase and ACE inhibitory activities of the microbial isolates were evaluated using established protocols.

Screening of LAB for HMG-CoA reductase and ACE inhibitory activities revealed that at concentrations (mg/ml) of 6, 12, 24, and 48, Lactobacillus pentosus WSL5 exhibited the highest %HMG-CoA reductase inhibition of 3.21, 6.42, 9.17, and 12.84, with corresponding ACE inhibitory activities of 6.38, 13.17, 18.13, and 23.47, respectively. At concentrations (mg/ml) of 1, 2, 4, and 8, the yeast isolates Trichomonascus ciferri RSY53 demonstrated %HMG-CoA reductase inhibition of 7.71, 11.47, 14.68, and 16.97, with corresponding ACE inhibitory activities of 11.83, 20.91, 34.73, and 48.28, respectively. Furthermore, L. pentosus WSL5 recorded the lowest HMG-CoA reductase half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 219.72 µg/ml and ACE IC50 of 116.22 µg/ml, while T. ciferri RSY53 had even lower IC50 values of 29.55 µg/ml for HMG-CoA reductase and 7.03 µg/ml for ACE inhibition compared to the controls.

L. pentosus WSL5 and T. ciferri RSY53 can be considered potential starter cultures for the fermentation of functional foods aimed at supporting cardiovascular health.