# Acute Respiratory Failure in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Characterized by Diffuse Lung Lesions: A Case Report and Literature Review

## TL;DR

This case report describes a rare presentation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with diffuse lung lesions and acute respiratory failure.

## Contribution

The paper presents the first documented case of ABPA with diffuse lung lesions and acute respiratory failure.

## Key findings

- ABPA can present with diffuse lung lesions on HRCT, a rare radiological finding.
- Acute Type II respiratory failure was observed in this atypical ABPA case.
- Treatment with methylprednisolone and mechanical ventilation improved the patient's condition.

## Abstract

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic lung disease caused by sensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus. Diffuse lung lesions as a radiological presentation of ABPA are exceedingly rare, with no documented case in the literature. We present a case with asthma. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest revealed diffuse lung lesions. Additionally, arterial blood gas analysis revealed life‐threatening acute Type II respiratory failure. Initially, there was suspicion of a mycobacterial infection. However, a subsequent diagnosis revealed the atypical presentation of ABPA. Finally, the patient's symptoms improved, and lung shadows were absorbed after undergoing mechanical ventilation with tracheal intubation and receiving methylprednisolone treatment.

In this work, we present a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest revealed diffuse lung lesions. Additionally, arterial blood gas analysis indicated life‐threatening acute Type II respiratory failure.