# Analysis of Demographic and Practice Characteristics of Psychiatrists in Three Canadian Provinces: Analyse des caractéristiques démographiques et de la pratique des psychiatres dans trois provinces canadiennes

## TL;DR

This study analyzed how psychiatrist demographics and practice patterns changed over 10 years in three Canadian provinces, finding more female psychiatrists and shifts in patient care.

## Contribution

The study provides a 10-year longitudinal analysis of psychiatrist demographics and practice trends across three Canadian provinces.

## Key findings

- The number of psychiatrists increased in all three provinces, keeping pace with population growth.
- Psychiatrists are younger on average, and the percentage of female psychiatrists has risen, especially in BC and Ontario.
- More patients are diagnosed with substance use and psychosis, and psychiatrists see more patients per year with fewer visits per patient.

## Abstract

To describe demographic and practice characteristics of psychiatrists in British Columbia (BC), Manitoba (MB) and Ontario (ON) and explore how practice characteristics change by psychiatrist sex/gender and years since medical school graduation.

We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study of all practising psychiatrists who had patient interactions and submitted billings from the fiscal years (FY) 2012/2013 to 2021/2022 using linked administrative data in BC, MB and ON. Psychiatrist demographic variables included age, sex/gender, years since medical school graduation and their practice location. Psychiatrist practice characteristics included visit and patient volume, service settings and patient diagnoses. We used measures of central tendency to describe demographic and practice characteristics and quantify change over time using percentage change.

The number of psychiatrists increased from 2012/2013 to 2021/2022 (percentage change, BC: 15.4%, MB: 20.0%, ON: 11.8%) and kept up with population increases, shown by stable per-capita supply of psychiatrists. The median age of psychiatrists in all provinces decreased over the study period. The percentage of female psychiatrists in practice increased in all provinces, but more in BC and ON than in MB. On average, psychiatrists are seeing a greater number of patients per year in 2021/2022 than in 2012/2013 (percentage change, BC: 14.6%, MB: 6.5%, ON: 11.1%), and more than half of patients are seen, on average, for one or two visits in all three provinces. More patients receive substance use and psychosis diagnoses over the 10-year study.

During the past decade, psychiatric practice characteristics show modest changes despite changing psychiatrist demographics and subtle shift towards more consultative practices. While provinces demonstrated similar trends, differences underscore the importance of conducting pan-Canadian analyses to highlight particularities in workforce patterns.

Describing 10-year change in psychiatrists’ demographics and practice characteristics in British Columbia, Manitoba and Ontario

Plain Language Summary

We described psychiatrist demographic characteristics (age, sex/gender, years since medical school graduation), and practice characteristics (number of visits per year, number of patients per year, different patient diagnoses) in British Columbia, Manitoba and Ontario to see how patterns changed over the past 10 years.

We found that characteristics of psychiatrists have changed: psychiatrists are on average younger, and there are more female psychiatrists in practice. Psychiatrists are seeing more patients per year than they did in 2012, with most patients having only one or two visits. More patients are being diagnosed with substance use disorders and psychosis diagnoses compared to 10 years ago. We also note a shift towards virtual care.

Even though the characteristics of psychiatrists in practice have changed, the way they practice has mostly remained similar. This study also shows that while provinces show similar trends, some differences between provinces suggest that more studies comparing multiple provinces are needed.