# DTIP-WINDGRU a novel drug-target interaction prediction with wind-enhanced gated recurrent unit

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new model for predicting drug-target interactions using a wind-enhanced GRU and optimization algorithm.

## Contribution

The novel DTIP-WINDGRU model combines wind-driven optimization with GRU for improved drug-target interaction prediction.

## Key findings

- DTIP-WINDGRU outperforms existing techniques in predicting drug-target interactions.
- The model uses drug-drug and target-target interactions to initialize GRU weights effectively.
- Wind Driven Optimization enhances hyperparameter selection for better performance.

## Abstract

Identification of drug target interactions (DTI) is an important part of the drug discovery process. Since prediction of DTI using laboratory tests is time consuming and laborious, automated tools using computational intelligence (CI) techniques become essential. The prediction of DTI is a challenging process due to the absence of known drug-target relationship and no experimentally verified negative samples. The datasets with limited or unbalanced data, do not perform well. The models that use heterogeneous networks, non-linear fusion techniques, and heuristic similarity selection may need a lot of computational power and experience to implement and fine-tune. The latest developments in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models can be employed for effective DTI prediction process.

To that end, this study develops a novel DTI Prediction model, namely, DTIP-WINDGRU Drug-Target Interaction Prediction with Wind-Enhanced GRU. The major aim is to determine the DTIs in both labelled and unlabelled samples accurately compared to traditional wet lab experiments. To accomplish this, the proposed DTIP-WINDGRU model primarily performs pre-processing and class labelling. In addition, drug-to-drug (D-D) and target-to-target (T-T) interactions are employed to initialize the weights of the GRU model and are employed for the, DTI prediction process. Finally, the Wind Driven Optimization (WDO) algorithm is utilized to optimally choose the hyperparameters involved in the GRU model.

For ensuring the effectual prediction results of the DTIP-WINDGRU model, a widespread experimentation process was carried out using four datasets. This comprehensive comparative study highlighted the better performance of the DTIP-WINDGRU model over existing techniques.