# Retrospective exploratory dual-center analysis of temporary transvenous cardiac pacing in cardiogenic shock

## TL;DR

This study explores the use of temporary cardiac pacing in patients with cardiogenic shock, focusing on treatment patterns, complications, and risk factors.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the use of temporary transvenous pacing in cardiogenic shock patients across different subgroups.

## Key findings

- Right Coronary Artery lesions increase the likelihood of TTP in AMI-CS patients.
- Age and myocarditis are associated with TTP use in non-AMI-CS patients.
- TTP complications occurred in 12% of cases, with 3.3% classified as severe.

## Abstract

Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing (TTP) is commonly used to manage hemodynamically compromising, drug-refractory brady- and tachyarrhythmias in the intensive care setting. Despite previous studies analyzing TTP treatment, data on its use in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) remain limited. This retrospective exploratory analysis aimed to investigate the utilization of TTP in patients experiencing CS, with a particular focus on treatment characteristics, complication rates, predictive factors, and outcomes across different subgroups. We retrospectively included registry data from 184 patients who underwent TTP therapy from 1561 cases of CS treated at the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of two university hospitals in Germany between 2010 and 2023. Bradycardia due to acute myocardial infarction was the primary indication for TTP implantation in patients with CS. The median duration of TTP therapy was 65 h, during which complications occurred in 12.0% of cases, 3.3% were classified as severe. We found that culprit lesions in the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) were more likely to necessitate TTP treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.54–4.11, p < 0.001). In non-AMI-CS patients, age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p < 0.005) and myocarditis (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.19–8.64, p = 0.02) were associated with a higher incidence of TTP therapy during ICU treatment. Further studies are needed to validate these observations.

Trial registration: LMUshock registry (WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Number DRKS00015860).