# Development of Monoclonal Antibodies for Identifying Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method using monoclonal antibodies to better identify and understand plant-parasitic nematodes and their pathogenic traits.

## Contribution

A novel approach using single-cell RNA-seq to generate monoclonal antibodies for nematode identification and pathotype discrimination.

## Key findings

- Monoclonal antibodies can be generated from mice immunized with nematode antigens for identification.
- Two mAbs were synthesized and shown to be specific using ELISA.
- mAbs may help distinguish pathotype groups and reveal factors contributing to nematode virulence.

## Abstract

Currently available nematode identification techniques rely on visual microscopic examination of their morphology and limited molecular assays. These methods generally serve their purpose of enumerating nematode genera and informing management recommendations. However, when identifying variations in pathogenicity or virulence within nematode populations and species – which is crucial for specific plant-parasitic nematode management recommendations – these methods are insufficient. Here, we demonstrate that nucleotide sequence information for tens of thousands of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be generated for identification purposes using a single-cell RNA-seq of mature B cells obtained from mice immunized with nematode antigens. We also provide proof of concept by synthesizing two of these mAbs in vitro and demonstrate specificity using ELISA. Since mAbs can bind to a variety of molecules, their potential use may surpass discrimination among pathotype groups and shed light on what contributes to pathogenicity or virulence of nematodes that produce, or are associated with, these antigenic molecules.