# Pericardiocentesis simulation model: conception and development

## TL;DR

This paper describes the creation of a low-cost pericardiocentesis simulation model for training medical students.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is a functional and affordable pericardiocentesis simulator using a silicone rubber heart and fluid system.

## Key findings

- The simulator successfully mimicked a cardiac tamponade scenario detectable via ultrasound.
- Fifty punctures were performed without fluid leakage, demonstrating the model's reliability.
- The model is suitable for undergraduate medical training and healthcare education.

## Abstract

To develop a pericardiocentesis (PCT) simulation model applied for undergraduate medical training.

A PCT simulator consisted of a torso mannequin, a silicone rubber heart (SRH), a container, and a filling system. The mannequin was submitted to a coronal section and an 18 × 18-cm precordial area opening. The SRH was prepared in accordance with structural dimensions of a normal heart. The elaboration of a structure container to simulate the pericardial cavity consisted of a non-leakable unit inside a cardboard (PcavBox). The PcavBox filling system was connected to a 10-mm diameter tube and a total of 2.5 L of saline solution. This structure was adapted inside the mannequin and covered with a thermoformable rubber material of 2 mm in skin color. For PCT simulation, we used a 10-mL syringe connected to a 14G needle for an imaging guided puncture facilitated by a portable ultrasound.

A SRH was successfully developed and fixed inside the Pcav Box, connected to the fluid pressure system. It was able to simulate a cardiac tamponade scenario identified by ultrasound. A series of 50 punctures was successively performed without liquid leak.

A low-cost PCT simulator was developed and coan be applied to healthcare education.