Hepatocyte-specific angiotensinogen deficiency inhibits Western diet-induced liver steatosis with suppression of cell division in mice

TL;DR

This study shows that removing a specific protein in liver cells reduces fat buildup in the liver caused by a high-fat diet in mice.

Contribution

The study identifies cell division suppression as a novel mechanism by which angiotensinogen deficiency prevents liver steatosis.

Findings

Hepatocyte-specific angiotensinogen deficiency inhibits Western diet-induced liver steatosis in mice.

AGT deficiency suppresses genes related to cell division during liver steatosis progression.

Five key genes associated with cell division were identified as suppressed in AGT-deficient mice.

Abstract

Liver steatosis is a common cause of chronic liver disease. To investigate the molecular basis of hepatic steatosis, low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR −/−) mice were fed a Western diet (WD, 42% of calories from fat) for 5, 14, or 42 days and evaluated against mice fed a normal laboratory diet. Histological analyses revealed that steatosis was detected as early as 14 days of WD feeding. Bulk RNA sequencing demonstrated that WD feeding altered liver transcriptomes related to inflammation and cell adhesion consistent with the progression of liver steatosis. Previous studies determined that hepatocyte-specific deficiency of angiotensinogen (AGT), the unique substrate of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), alleviates WD-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. However, the effects of hepatic AGT deficiency were not mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of the RAS, and the molecular mechanisms by which AGT deficiency protects against WD-induced steatosis is unknown. Therefore, liver transcriptomes were compared between hepatocyte-specific AGT-deficient mice (hepAGT −/−) and their wild-type littermates (hepAGT +/+) after 14 days of WD feeding. Gene ontology analyses showed that upregulated genes in hepAGT −/− mice were enriched for metabolic processes and downregulated genes were enriched for cell division pathways. The integration analysis of the two RNA sequencing data identified 5 key genes, Smpd3, Dtl, Cdc6, Mki67, and Top2a, which were primarily associated with cell division processes in hepAGT +/+ mice and were suppressed in hepAGT −/− mice. In conclusion, hepatic AGT deficiency downregulated genes related to cell division during the progression of liver steatosis.

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