# Development and implementation of an etiology-based diagnostic framework for acute abdominal pain in emergency settings

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a structured diagnostic framework for acute abdominal pain in emergency settings to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.

## Contribution

A novel etiology-based diagnostic checklist and process-oriented strategy for acute abdominal pain in emergency medicine.

## Key findings

- The checklist was organized into five etiological categories, improving diagnostic reasoning.
- The framework successfully identified atypical acute renal infarction in a complex case.
- CTA proved effective in modeling expert diagnostic reasoning for tool development.

## Abstract

Diagnostic checklists have been demonstrated to reduce errors in clinical reasoning. Building on previous validation studies, this research presents the development and clinical application of an etiology-based diagnostic framework for evaluating acute abdominal pain. The framework integrates a structured checklist of abdominal pain etiologies with a process-oriented diagnostic strategy, aiming to enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes. This approach also serves as a potential model for the creation of diagnostic tools applicable to other symptom complexes encountered in emergency medicine.

A cognitive task analysis (CTA) was conducted with participation from five emergency medicine experts employing a think-aloud methodology. The experts described their diagnostic reasoning processes and queried relevant clinical data to extract foundational diagnostic principles. Based on these findings, a checklist categorizing etiologies of abdominal pain was constructed, drawing from anatomical and diagnostic considerations. The clinical utility of the checklist was evaluated through its application to a representative complex case.

The diagnostic checklist was organized into five principal etiological categories: local organ disorders, diseases of adjacent organs, systemic diseases, psychogenic disorders, and gynecological conditions. Its implementation facilitated the accurate identification of atypical acute renal infarction in a diagnostically challenging case, enabling prompt clinical intervention.

CTA provides a robust method for modeling expert diagnostic reasoning and supports the development of structured, etiology-based diagnostic tools. This framework enhances diagnostic precision for individuals presenting with acute abdominal pain in emergency settings and may inform the development of similar tools for other clinical presentations.