# Succinic Acid Production from Monosaccharides and Woody and Herbaceous Plant Hydrolysates Using Metabolically Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum§

## TL;DR

This study shows that using bamboo and other plant materials can efficiently produce succinic acid, a sustainable chemical alternative to petroleum-based products.

## Contribution

The study is the first to investigate how hemicellulose and cellulose structures affect succinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass.

## Key findings

- Mannose-containing monosaccharide combinations increased succinic acid production 2.20-2.48 times compared to glucose alone.
- Bamboo hydrolysate yielded the highest succinic acid (23.38–24.12 g/L in 24 h) due to its high xylose content.
- Improving xylose consumption is key to enhancing succinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass.

## Abstract

Succinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable alternative for biochemical production that is an environmentally friendly substitute for petroleum-based chemicals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of variations in hemicellulose content and cellulose fibre structure within the microfibrils of woody and herbaceous plants on the enzymatic saccharification and succinic acid production efficiency of Psod:SucE12-ΔldhA, a strain overexpressing the succinic acid transporter (SucE).

The study investigated the influence of different monosaccharide combinations on succinic acid production, focusing on combinations with mannose compared to glucose alone. Additionally, hydrolysates from different lignocellulosic biomass — bamboo, oak, poplar, pine and spent coffee grounds — were analysed to determine the most favourable bioresource for succinic acid production.

Monosaccharide combinations containing mannose resulted in 2.20-2.48 times higher succinic acid production than glucose alone, indicating a positive influence of mannose on succinic acid metabolism. Among the lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates, bamboo, with its higher xylose content than woody plants, was the most efficient bioresource for succinic acid production (23.38–24.12 g/L within 24 h), followed by oak, poplar, pine and spent coffee grounds. Therefore, improving the xylose consumption rate is crucial for increasing succinic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass and increasing market competitiveness.

This research emphasises the potential of lignocellulosic biomass, especially bamboo, as a sustainable feedstock for succinic acid production. The novelty of the study lies in the detailed investigation of how hemicellulose content and cellulose fibre structure affect enzymatic saccharification and fermentation. The significant influence of mannose and xylose on the succinic acid yield provides key insights for the optimisation of biomass use in biochemical production. These findings promote bio-based chemical production, reduce reliance on fossil fuels and improve industrial sustainability.