# Analysis of the association between pre- and post-treatment genetic mutation status and treatment efficacy and survival in patients with newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndromes with excess blasts receiving hypomethylating agent therapy

**Authors:** 婷 钟, 铁军 秦, 泽锋 徐, 丽娟 潘, 士强 曲, 蒙 焦, 清妍 高, 志坚 肖, 冰 李

PMC · DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121090-20241210-00553 · Chinese Journal of Hematology · 2025-05-01

## TL;DR

This study examines how genetic mutations before and after treatment affect the response and survival of patients with MDS-EB undergoing hypomethylating agent therapy.

## Contribution

It identifies that monitoring main clone clearance in non-TP53 mutated patients can predict long-term treatment outcomes.

## Key findings

- TP53 mutations were associated with shorter duration of response and overall survival in MDS-EB patients.
- Non-TP53 mutated patients with significant main clone clearance had better long-term survival.
- IPSS-R and IPSS-M systems failed to predict treatment response or duration of response in these patients.

## Abstract

探索接受去甲基化药物（HMA）单药治疗的骨髓增生异常综合征伴原始细胞增多（MDS-EB）患者治疗前后基因突变状态与疗效及预后的关系。

2016年6月至2023年9月于中国医学科学院血液病医院完成了至少4个疗程HMA单药治疗且治疗前进行了二代测序（NGS）的69例初治MDS-EB患者，回顾性分析其临床特征、疗效、生存时间以及生存情况。比较HMA治疗前后基因突变症状对疗效与预后的影响。

①69例患者中，男47例，女22例，中位年龄62（41～80）岁。MDS-EB1 39例，MDS-EB2 30例，中位治疗6（4～35）个疗程。中位随访22（5～72）个月，中位生存期32（95％CI：27～43）个月。②HMA治疗前是否伴有DTA（DNMT3A、TET2和ASXL1）突变、信号转导基因突变、转录因子突变或剪接因子突变与4个疗程内最佳疗效、疗效持续时间（DOR）和总生存（OS）均无显著相关性。TP53突变状态与DOR相关且OS时间显著缩短，伴有双打击TP53突变者、单打击TP53突变者和非TP53突变者的中位DOR分别为3（95％CI：1～10）、10（95％CI：3～34）和16（95％CI：8～27）个月（P＝0.032），中位OS时间分别为16（95％CI：7～38）、15（95％CI：6～40）和35（95％CI：14～91）个月（P<0.001）。③修订的国际预后积分系统（IPSS-R）和含分子遗传学指标的国际预后积分系统（IPSS-M）均不能预测接受HMA治疗4个疗程内最佳疗效和DOR。④非TP53突变患者，主克隆显著清除组（14例）和主克隆非显著清除组（10例）中位OS时间分别为55（95％CI：9～106）个月和31（95％CI：16～184）个月（P＝0.013）。HMA治疗有效且主克隆显著清除者的3年OS率达（77.8±13.9）％。

MDS-EB患者接受HMA单药治疗前，单一基因突变、IPSS-R和IPSS-M预后积分系统均无法有效预测治疗效果。非TP53突变患者，通过NGS监测治疗过程中主克隆清除程度可预测接受HMA治疗的MDS患者的长期疗效。

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha) [NCBI Gene 1788], TET2 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) [NCBI Gene 54790], ASXL1 (ASXL transcriptional regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 171023], TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157]
- **Diseases:** MDS-EB (MONDO:0019454)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** ASXL1 (ASXL transcriptional regulator 1) [NCBI Gene 171023] {aka BOPS, MDS}, TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157] {aka BCC7, BMFS5, LFS1, P53, TRP53}, DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha) [NCBI Gene 1788] {aka DNMT3A2, HESJAS, M.HsaIIIA, TBRS}, TET2 (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) [NCBI Gene 54790] {aka IMD75, KIAA1546, MDS}
- **Diseases:** Blood Diseases (MESH:D006402), MDS (MESH:D009190)
- **Chemicals:** HMA (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

_Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12268287/full.md

## Figures

2 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12268287/full.md

## References

26 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12268287/full.md

---
Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12268287