# Gait dynamics and brain function abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait: a clinical study using resting-state fMRI and wearable devices

## TL;DR

This study explores how brain activity differs in Parkinson’s patients who experience freezing of gait, using brain scans and wearable devices.

## Contribution

The study identifies distinct brain activity patterns in Parkinson’s patients with freezing of gait compared to those without.

## Key findings

- PDFoG patients showed widespread brain activity changes in cortical and cerebellar regions.
- PDnFoG patients exhibited reduced activity in the basal ganglia.
- Findings highlight the cerebral cortex and cerebellum’s potential role in freezing of gait.

## Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated freezing of gait (FoG) (PDFoG) refers to episodes where patients feel the urge to move but experience temporary immobility or markedly shortened steps. This leads to frequent falls and, eventually, the loss of walking ability, severely affecting patient quality of life and life expectancy. Despite its clinical importance, the neural mechanisms underlying PDFoG remain unclear.

This study sought to characterize abnormal neural activity in PDFoG by assessing regional brain activity using ALFF, fALFF, PerAF, and wavelet-ALFF across three frequency bands (conventional, slow-5, and slow-4). PDFoG patients were compared to PD patients without FoG (PDnFoG) and healthy controls. Clinical evaluations included standard assessment scales, such as the FOG-Q and MDS-UPDRS III, alongside a wearable sensor-based gait assessment system.

We found that PD patients with FoG experienced more extensive changes in regional brain activity than those without FoG, primarily affecting cortical regions and the cerebellum. Conversely, PDnFoG patients primarily showed reduced activity in the basal ganglia.

These findings emphasize the need to further explore the roles of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in PDFoG pathophysiology.