# The effects of hsa-mir-26a-5p on cell proliferation, migration, and PI3K inhibitor sensitivity in metformin-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells

## TL;DR

This study shows that restoring hsa-miR-26a-5p in metformin-resistant breast cancer cells reduces their growth and increases sensitivity to a cancer drug.

## Contribution

The study reveals that hsa-miR-26a-5p restoration can reverse drug resistance and EMT-like traits in metformin-resistant breast cancer cells.

## Key findings

- Hsa-miR-26a-5p expression decreases in metformin-resistant breast cancer cells.
- Restoring hsa-miR-26a-5p reduces cell proliferation and EMT markers.
- Combining hsa-miR-26a-5p restoration with a PI3K inhibitor increases drug sensitivity.

## Abstract

Metformin is commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is being investigated for its potential antiproliferative effects in cancer, particularly in patients with both T2D and malignancies. Drug resistance can develop with any therapeutic agent, and metformin is no exception. As we showed in our previous study, metformin-resistant MDA-MB-468 (MET-R) cells exhibited an EMT-like phenotype. Many transcription factors, as well as miRNAs, can contribute to this altered phenotype. Our current study identifies the contribution of hsa-miR-26a-5p expression to the previously observed phenotype.

By utilizing bioinformatic tools, we identified hsa-miR-26a-5p, whose expression was significantly altered with increasing concentrations of metformin in MET-R cells. We rescued hsa-miR-26a-5p expression and examined the EMT phenotype and apoptotic markers via Western blot analysis.

We observed a reduction in hsa-miR-26a-5p expression in response to increasing concentrations of metformin in MET-R cells. Upon successful restoration of hsa-miR-26a-5p expression, a subsequent decrease in the proliferation rate was noted. Moreover, when combined with a PI3K inhibitor, we observed increased sensitivity to the PI3K inhibitor. The EMT and apoptotic markers also tended to decrease upon combinatorial treatment.

In this study, we rescued the diminished expression of hsa-miR-26a-5p in MET-R cells to increase the sensitivity to PI3K inhibitor. The combination of a PI3K inhibitor and rescued hsa-miR-26-5p expression resulted in the restoration of the EMT phenotype and proliferation in these cells.